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The intense violet color and the high catalyst activity of Cr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles have motivated several authors to understand the solid solution formation and the oxidation state of chromium ions after synthesis. Recent work has demonstrated the ability of surface segregation in chromium-doped tin oxide system but the oxidation state is still misunderstood. Calcium oxide addition changes the color of (Cr,Ca) codoped nanocrystalline tin dioxide pigments from violet to yellow simultaneously to a high particle size stabilization demonstrating that co-segregation could be associated to color change due to chemical environment change of chromium ions and specific surface area increase. High solubility of Cr+6 and Ca+2 allow us to determine the surface excess of both cations by ionic chromatography and the color change after surface solubilization.
SOREME project (LIFE 11 ENV/IT/109) is aimed at synthesizing an innovative sorbent based on activated carbon obtained from the carbonization of waste tires. Microstructural characterization was mainly performed in order to define crystallinity, morphology and porosity of the activated carbon powders obtained in different conditions. In particular, XRD analysis always revealed a partially crystalline structure with different crystallite size of the nanographitic structure. The disorder of these structures was determined by Raman spectroscopy. This evaluation was made on the basis of the ratio of the integrated area of the D and G bands typical of the graphitic structure. Finally, SEM was used to put in evidence the mesopores and macropores.