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The increasing demand of improved thermal insulation in building engineering requires materials having even better thermal performances. This work provides a survey of the thermal conductivity of clay bricks with a wide range of composition and microstructure, in order to better understand the influence of these variables on thermal behaviour. A statistical analysis allowed to set up an empirical method to predict the thermal conductivity of clay bricks on the basis of their chemical and physical features.
Japan has a hot and humid climate. While Japanese modern houses become highly airtight and thermally insulated, because of saving energy. As a result, problems related to humidity of indoor air have been increased, for example, excessive dew formation, etc. To solve these problems, we developed the building materials to control humidity. The humidity absorption is closely related to micro pores of the order of 0,01 urn in the raw material. By using porous soil as the raw material and low firing temperatures, it was possible to obtain building materials with excellent humidity absorption and release properties as well as good strength and other basic physical properties. In the room finished with new building materials, the frequency of dew formation is considerably reduced, and the total amount of dew formed is about l/15th compared to that of the room finished with wallpaper.
The massive reuse of some industrial wastes and/or by products of large amount in Sardinia (Italy) as raw materials in Ceramic Industry is the aim of intensive experimental research carried out for 20 years. Production of bricks, paving tiles, grès, cement clinker, ferrites, others, by recycling of these wastes is referred.
This paper presents the failure mechanisms of the refractories used in flash furnaces for lead and zinc smelting. Microstructural changes due to chemical reactions occurring at the operating temperatures between refractories and the complex environments containing gases (S02, CO and metal fumes) or liquid phases (slag, matte and metal) are discussed based on experimental results of laboratory corrosion experiments and available literature data. The effects of these changes on the thermo-mechanical properties of various refractory bricks were also considered in defining the mechanism of failure, which in some cases were confirmed by postmortem analyses on brick samples from industrial furnaces. The critical parameters to consider in refractory selection are mainly related to the corrosive environments and their aggressiveness, within and outside the technological range of temperatures, and prove to be the decisive factors in determining the selection.
This paper reviews the research performed in CIREP to develop castable mixes, to be used in the slag-line zone of steelmaking ladle-furnaces. To take full advantages of natural flake graphite over any other form of carbons, several packaging methods have been tested. Packages of extruded graphite pellets, with the appropriate filler and antioxidants are the most promising so far, in both aluminacarbon and magnesia-carbon based systems. Details on flowability, physical and mechanical, oxidation and corrosion properties are presented, illustrating the differences between carbon and carbonless mixes. In conclusion, carbon-containing castables have a future.
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