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To quantify and better understand the mechanisms contributing to the strength degradation of polished stoneware tiles, in the present work the results of flexural strength, performed on suitable samples, cut from commercial porcelain stoneware tile products, in the as fired industrially polished surfaced condition, were analysed. Furthermore, microstructural analysis, roughness and Vickers hardness tests performed on the working surfaces allowed to explain the different behaviour found.
In this communication the main trends on the research in ceramic pigments field are discussed: (a) the introduction of new ceramic pigments based on new structures, (b) the adaptation of classical ceramic pigments to new matrix, and (c) generation of pigments "in situ" from an aqueous or organic solution of pigment precursors, adapted to the new decoration systems such as soluble salts for porcelain stoneware or inkjet technologies.
During the last few years, mosaic has attracted great interest as material for both facings and floorings. The aim of this study is the design, development and technological characterization of a new coloured mosaic, able to be produced even by small-scale plants or craftsmen. The main innovation is the application of a traditional ceramic process to a glassy material, starting from a mixture of clay, feldspar and frit. Experimental procedure tested and characterized many compositions, varying both clay mineral and clay/feldspar ratio, and assessing the possibility of colouring the materials through the addition of ceramic pigments, colouring oxides, or coloured frits. A glassy mosaic with a suitable aesthetic appearance and fulfilling many standard requirements for sintered ceramic tiles was obtained.
Quantitative phase analyses (QPA) on a series of industrial Portland cements were performed using the Rietveld methods. The results were compared to those obtained from Bogue calculation in order to assess (if any) the correlations between this two techniques. In agreement with other recent reports, it appears that relationships having a general validity cannot be established. This finding reinforces the conclusion that the Rietveld method should be regarded as the most versatile and reliable technique for QPA of Portland cements.
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